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本文研究了室温下铯里德堡原子的阶梯型电磁诱导透明(Rydberg-EIT)光谱在横向磁场作用下的演化规律。采用探测光(852 nm)和耦合光(510 nm)反向共线传播聚焦于铯原子蒸气池中心，通过半波片与四分之一波片组合实现探测场(σ~-、σ+和π)与耦合场(σ~-、σ+和π)偏振态的精确调控，系统观测了不同磁场强度下EIT光谱的分裂特性。实验表明：在σ~--σ+和σ+-σ~-的偏振组合下，主峰分裂为双峰，峰间距随磁场线性增大，且两种组合下的光谱形态呈现镜像对称性；在π-π的偏振组合下，两峰以零失谐为中心对称分布，峰间距随磁场线性增长。基于阶梯型三能级系统模型的密度矩阵理论对实验结果进行了模拟，两者一致。本工作不仅深化了对磁场下里德堡电磁诱导透明量子干涉机制的理解，也为发展高空间分辨的矢量磁场传感技术提供了实验依据。
Abstract：Objective. Research on the Zeeman spectra of Rydberg atoms under different magnetic field directions and various optical polarization combinations is also of great significance for the development of vector magnetometers based on Rydberg atoms. However, previous studies primarily focuses on longitudinal magnetic fields aligned with the propagation direction of probe and coupling lasers, limiting systematic analysis of polarization-dependent electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) spectral features. Here we investigate the evolution of Rydberg-EIT spectra in a ladder-type three-level system of roomtemperature cesium atoms under transverse magnetic fields. Methods. Specifically, we utilize a cesium vapor cell to construct a ladder-type system comprising the ground state 6S1/2, intermediate state 6P3/2, and Rydberg state 44S1/2. The experiment employs counter-collinearly propagating probe(852 nm, 200 μW) and coupling(510 nm, 33.5 mW) laser beams. These laser beams are focused at the center of the vapor cell. A transverse magnetic field(0～30 G) is generated using a pair of 8 cm diameter Helmholtz coils. Precise polarization control(σ-, σ+, and π) for both fields is achieved via half-wave and quarter-wave plate combinations, enabling detailed characterization of Rydberg-EIT spectral splitting under varying magnetic field strengths. By varying the polarization combinations of the probe and coupling laser beams and controlling Zeeman splitting via transverse magnetic fields, we systematically observe polarization-dependent characteristics of EITZeeman spectra.Results and Discussions. Experimental results demonstrate the following content: under polarization configurations of σ--σ+ and σ+-σ-, the main EIT peak splits into two sub-peaks with spacing linearly increasing with the magnetic field, and the spectra exhibit mirror symmetry. For the π-π configuration, the split peaks are symmetrically distributed around zero detuning, with spacing also growing linearly with the field. Quantitative analysis of magnetic field-induced frequency shifts aligns well with theoretical calculations. Additionally, magnetic field inhomogeneity causes linewidth broadening at higher fields. Weak transition pathways continue to be suppressed due to optical pumping effects and do not appear in the spectra. Theoretical simulations using a density matrix model for the ladder-type three-level system agree with experimental data.Conclusions. The observations and simulations on the dependence of polarization configurations and magnetic field intensity on Rydberg-EIT spectra are systematically investigated. This work deepens the understanding of quantum interference mechanisms in Rydberg-EIT under magnetic field and provides a solid experimental basis for advancing high-spatial-resolution vector magnetometry technologies.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:O431.2
引用信息:
[1]牛高峰,段昊男,田俊梅,等.铯里德堡原子电磁诱导透明Zeeman光谱实验研究[J].量子光学学报,2025,31(04):36-45.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划课题（2022YFA1404201）; 国家自然科学基金项目（12034012;12274272）; 山西省高校科技创新项目（2020L0519）