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非线性干涉仪借助非线性参量过程实现光场的分束与合束，具有独特的输出特性，已被广泛应用于量子测量、量子传感、量子成像等领域。尤其是利用非线性干涉仪输出信号和闲频光场的等价性，仅使用一个单光子探测器即可实现对两个关联光场在模式匹配和时域相干性等方面的表征，从而降低了对待测波段探测器的硬性要求。本文利用光子晶体光纤搭建了迈克尔逊型非线性干涉仪，其中信号光场和闲频光场分别位于1 550 nm红外光通信波段和776 nm红光波段，两者频率差约193 THz。实验中使用一个单光子探测器测量干涉仪输出的闲频光场，当调整信号光场延时或遮挡信号光时，在闲频光场中观测到干涉可见度的改变。实验结果佐记了基于光子晶体光纤的频率大失谐非线性干涉仪在红外量子测量等应用中的可行性。
Abstract：Objective. Nonlinear interferometer utilizes nonlinear parametric processes to achieve the splitting and recombination of optical fields, exhibiting unique output characteristics that have been widely applied in quantum measurement, quantum sensing, quantum imaging, and other fields. Specifically, by leveraging the equivalence between the output signal and idler fields in nonlinear interferometers, characterization of mode matching and temporal coherence in two correlated optical fields can be achieved using only a single-photon detector, thereby reducing the stringent detector requirements for the measurement band. However, in relevant experiments, the signal and idler fields are confined to the same spectral band with minimal frequency detuning.Methods and Results. Photonic crystal fiber(PCF) possesses advantages such as flexible dispersion characteristics and endlessly single-mode transmission, enabling phase matching under conditions of large frequency detuning. In this paper, the pulsed pump field with a central wavelength of 1 034.1 nm is passed back and forth through a section of photonic crystal fiber, forming a Michelson-type nonlinear interferometer structure. Within this configuration, the signal and idler field wavelengths in the two arms of the interferometer are located at 1 550 nm and 776 nm respectively, achieving a frequency detuning of 193 THz. In the experiment, a single-photon detector is used to measure the interference fringes of the idler field at the output of the interferometer. Both blocking the signal arm and adjusting the time delay of the signal field are found to affect the interference visibility of the idler field. This result demonstrates the controlling effect of quantum entanglement between the signal and idler fields on the interferometer's output field.Conclusions. This paper constructed a Michelson-type nonlinear interferometer that utilizes the flexible dispersion characteristics of photonic crystal fiber, achieving a frequency detuning between the signal and idler fields that could reach hundreds of terahertz. Experimental results demonstrate that when quantum entanglement exists between two optical fields, the interference visibility of one field is found to be affected by the other. This paper demonstrates the measurement of quantum correlation properties using the nonlinear interferometer under large frequency detuning conditions.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:O431.2;TH744.3
引用信息:
[1]付秀萍,严浩,崔亮,等.利用非线性干涉仪测量频率大失谐光子对的量子关联特性[J].量子光学学报,2025,31(04):7-14.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目（12074283;62305240）